These may include pallor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, headache, dizziness, eye pain, blurred vision, constriction or dilation of the pupils, tears, salivation, and sweating. Afr J Biotechnol 16(9):408–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0718-3, Sundarmurugasan R, Gumpu MB, Ramachandra BL, Nesakumar N, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM, Rayappan JB (2016) Simultaneous detection of monocrotophos and dichlorvos in orange samples using acetylcholinesterase–zinc oxide modified platinum electrode with linear regression calibration. Firstpost - All Rights Reserved. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison. Reproductive Effects: Rats who received doses of 2 mg/kg/day monocrotophos produced fetuses with lower than average length and weight (170). But somehow, it is still used for non-food products.". Monocrotophos, like other organophosphate insecticides, is highly toxic by all routes of exposure. Open field behavior was measured in rats receiving 0, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8 mg/kg bw monocrotophos by SC injection, Biosens Bioelectron 26(6):2864–2869. J Environ Chem Eng 6(6):7035–7043. Exposure to MCP is known to induce significant systemic toxicity in animals and humans. Once the signal passes onto the next nerve, an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201760, Sidhu PK, Dhanjal NIK, Cameotra SS, Sud D (2015) Persistence and biodegradation of monocrotophos using soil microbes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2017.12.005, Yadav M, Shukla AK, Srivastva N, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK (2016) Utilization of microbial community potential for removal of chlorpyrifos: a review. Monocrotophos is an highly acutely toxic. In 2009, it called for India to ban the product because of its extreme toxicity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 150(2):231–236. There is a risk of death due to respiratory failure. Sign up for a weekly curated briefing of the most important strategic affairs stories from across the world. Toxicol Lett 128(1):215–228. Inhibition mechanisms of protein kinase B (Pkb)/Akt and its consequences on related cell signaling were investigated in human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) exposed to monocrotophos (MCP, an organophosphate pesticide). The World Health Organisation has placed monocrotophos in Class 1b — a category reserved for highly hazardous pesticides. Monocrotophos is an organophosphorus pesticide. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Can J Microbiol 49(2):101–109. 2010. Monocrotophos poisoning may cause a number of adverse health effects such as eye injury, labored breathing, muscle weakness, tremor, incoordination, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps (to name a few). 2009. Curr Opin Chem Eng 19:51–58. Environ Sci Technol 51(6):3410–3417. While several explanations have been put forth for the deaths, one common factor among these cases has been the use of harmful pesticides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 99(1):33-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400139, Velmurugan B, Selvanayagam M, Cengiz EI, Unlu E (2007) The effects of monocrotophos to different tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7, Subhas Singh DK (2003) Utilization of monocrotophos as phosphorus source by Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B and Clavibacter michiganense subsp. Here is a broad breakdown of the process with generous inputs from Kumar: The nervous system is made up of a large and complex network of nerves. The present study was aimed to study the effect of monocrotophos at acute and subchronic concentration on haematological parameters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0765-0, Yatmaz HC, Uzman Y (2009) Degradation of pesticide monochrotophos from aqueous solutions by electrochemical methods. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Global ournal of armac armaceutical ciences How to cite this article: amizhazhagan V, Pugazhendy K, Sakthidasan V, Jayanthi C .W The Toxicity Effect of Monocrotophos 36% E.C on the Biochemical 002002 Change in Catla Catla (Hamilton, 1882). "Farmers here mostly work without any protective equipment, and this puts them at risk of pesticide uptake by inhalation and absorption through the skin," Kumar said. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.04.014, Tian H, Ru S, Bing X, Wang W (2010) Effects of monocrotophos on the reproductive axis in the male goldfish (Carassius auratus): potential mechanisms underlying vitellogenin induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 328:46–53. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30(3):428–471. Pest Biochem Physiol 97(3):214–222. Sobti RC, Kisshan A, Pfaffenberger CA (1982) Cytokinetic and cytogenetic effects of some agricultural chemicals on human lymphoid cells in vitro: Organophosphates. Monocrotophos poisoning symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for Monocrotophos poisoning (Chemical poisoning - Monocrotophos) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. 1-3, p. 416). Recently, we found that postlactational exposure to monocrotophos impaired cholinergic mechanisms in young rats and such changes persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure. Many nerves in the nervous system release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. If you experience drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension or a headache as side-effects when using Monocrotophos medicine then it may not be safe to drive a vehicle or operate heavy machinery.One should not drive a vehicle if using the medicine makes you drowsy, dizzy or lowers your blood-pressure extensively. Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, 147001, India, You can also search for this author in Environ Int 30(4):471–479. SII, Bharat Biotech engage in war of words: A look at controversies surrounding vaccines cleared by DCGI, Wednesday night's Capitol siege wasn't strictly a coup attempt; but it's not over either, 2020, year of the pandemic: How this visually-impaired Chennai woman struggled with daily commute in the face of govt apathy, 9 Months Season 5 Episode 1 | Pregnancy & Gearing Up for Delivery, The Earth, Space & the Human Race Podcast Ep 10: How everyday citizens contribute to the Indian climate movement. Following exposure by any route, other systemic effects will either begin within a few minutes or may show up after up to 12 hours. HOME; ABOUT US. J Hazard Mater 338:472–481. Human 4(3):225–230, Tian H, Ru S, Wang Z, Cai W, Wang W (2009) Estrogenic effects of monocrotophos evaluated by vitellogenin mRNA and protein induction in male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2015.1015958, Yaduvanshi SK, Ojha A, Pant SC, Lomash V, Srivastava N (2010) Monocrotophos induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in rat tissues. Abstract The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of monocrotophos, an organophosphate insecticide, was investi- gated on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. DOI: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.02.555585 Eye contact will cause pain, bleeding, tears, pupil constriction and blurred vision. October 17, 2017 16:01:52 IST. "Now governments usually move away from most of these acutely toxic ones because it creates immediate and visible problems. Sci Total Environ 590:751–760. Cases of human poisoning are characterized by muscular weakness, blurred vision, profuse perspiration, confusion, vomiting, pain, and small pupils. Chronic … If these symptoms occur, the person should remove contaminated clothes, wash the affected skin with soap and water and flush with large quantities of water. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(91)90067-Y, Siddiqui MKJ, Rahman MF, Mustafa M (1993) Target enzyme inhibition by novel thion analogues of monocrotophos: an acute in vivo study in the rat. 9 There are no inhalation toxicity data on monocrotophos in humans and inhalation data in 10 animals are limited to lethality. Desalin Water Treat 54(8):2293–2298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9190-y, Velmurugan G, Babu DV, Ramasamy S (2013) Prolonged monocrotophos intake induces cardiac oxidative stress and myocardial damage in rats. According to the WHO, swallowing 1,200 milligrams - less than a teaspoon - of monocrotophos can be fatal to humans. Zhoughua Laodong Weisheng Zhiyebing Zazhi 6:336–338. Skin contact with this pesticide may cause localised sweating and involuntary muscle contractions. YW16 and cloning of its TnopdA. Monocrotophos, like other organophosphate insecticides, is highly toxic by all routes of exposure. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, p 1250, Tripathi VK, Kumar V, Pandey A, Vatsa P, Dhasmana A, Singh RP, Appikonda SHC, Hwang I, Lohani M (2017) Monocrotophos induces the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) and neurotoxicity in human brain cells. person. Cardiotoxicity. Discussion Pesticides destroy,prevent or repel pests such as insects, weeds and rodents but May causes a range of harmful health effects in humans, including cancer, short and long term injury to … Another two-year feeding study in dogs administered doses of up to 16 ppm monocrotophos revealed no adverse effects at levels of 0.16 and 1.6 ppm, but serious cholinesterase reduction was observed at the 16-ppm level (Johnston 1966-67, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. Chakravarthi BK, Naravaneni R, Philip GH, Reddy CS. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.14885, Srivastava AK, Dev A, Karmakar S (2018) Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture. © 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Extremely toxic; probable oral lethal dose to humans 5-50 mg/kg or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoon for a 70 kg (150 lb.) Ijsrm. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9938-7, Üstün GE, Solmaz SKA, Azak HS (2015) Experimental design of fenton process for the oxidation and mineralization of monocrotophos. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5606-0, Sun L, Liu H, Gao X, Chen W, Huang K, Zhang S (2018) Isolation of monocrotophos-degrading strain Sphingobium sp. All the studies were validated in human samples from the villages in Madurai. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00543-4, Sraw A, Wanchoo RK, Toor AP (2014) Optimization and kinetic studies for degradation of insecticide monocrotophos using LR grade and P25 TiO2 under UV/sunlight conditions. Kaur, R., Goyal, D. Toxicity and degradation of the insecticide monocrotophos. Organophosphorus compounds, like the pesticide at hand, block this enzyme, thus preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure has resulted in depressed cholinesterase levels, headaches, vomiting, and nausea in humans. The reaction time 60 minutes after injection was increased related to monocrotophos dosing; this was related to one rat taking 3 seconds to leave the box. Based on LC 50 value, all the four pesticides were found to be highly toxic to lymphocyte culture, among them, monocrotophos and endosulfan were the most toxic and dimethoate was the least toxic. Begum K, Rajini PS. Human exposure to monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, could occur due to its high use in agriculture to protect crops. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.039, Yang Y, Wu N, Wang C (2018) Toxicity of the pyrethroid bifenthrin insecticide. Int J Electrochem Sci 4(5):614–626, Zahran MM, Abdel-Aziz KB, Abdel-Raof A, Nahas EM (2005) The effect of subacute doses of organophosphorus pesticide, Nuvacron, on the biochemical and cytogenetic parameters of mice and their embryos. The experiments were conducted in the natural pH condition, monocrotophos concentration 0.27 g/L and catalyst dosage of 1.2 g/L. Dinesh Goyal. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.. in both the lower and higher sublethal concentration Monocrotophos. or a carbamate (carbofuran) insecticide can suffer from intermediate syndrome (IMS), after the acute cholinergic crisis. Monocrotophos (MCP) [O, O -dimethyl-O -(2 methyl carboxy-1methyl vinyl) phosphate], an organophosphate ester, is one of the OP insecticides with systemic and contact action. Talanta 76(4):747–751. Short term exposure to a high dose of MCP has been reported to cause systemic toxici … Environ Chem Lett 9(4):547–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.003, Zhao XH, Wang J (2012) A brief study on the degradation kinetics of seven organophosphorus pesticides in skimmed milk cultured with Lactobacillus spp. Updated Date: The authors are thankful to the Director, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, for infrastructural and financial support. "I hope the government sees through the obvious health implications of this pesticide soon and take into account the toll it has already taken on farmers and other citizens," Jayakumar added. Monocrotophos is an organophosphate insecticide, which is a type of pesticide. Part of Springer Nature. Copyright © 2021. Widespread bird kills, including a large kill of Swainson's Hawks in Argentina, have resulted from the use of monocrotophos. In a recent study, [7] Wistar rats were administered 1/50 of LD 50 dosage of monocrotophos (0.36 mg/kg body weight) orally via gavage daily for three weeks. insidiosum SBL 11. Desalin Water Treat 57(59):28822–28830. Sens Actuators B Chem 230:306–313. Monocrotophos can be absorbed into the human body through multiple pathways, including inhalation, skin contact and ingestion, and is acutely toxic by all routes of exposure. Used as a fast acting insecticide with both systemic and contact action against a wide range of pests on cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts, tomatoes, and ornamentals. Exposure-response data for nonlethal effects are not available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.10.006, Shifu C, Mengyue Z, Yaowu T (1996) Photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using TiO2 supported on fiberglass. Teratogenic Effects: No teratogenic effects were found at 2 mg monocrotophos/kg/day in rats, the highest dose tested (170). Click to see full answer https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1195288, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E (2002) Enzymes involved in the detoxification of organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis. Animals administered Monocrotophos exhibited mild hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the blood. Environ Chem Lett 17, 1299–1324 (2019). In severe cases, there may also be involuntary defecation or urination, psychosis, irregular heartbeat, unconsciousness, convulsions, and coma. The Executive; School Stewards 2020-2021; Schools; NEWS; MEMBERS’ AREA https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05392, WHO (1997) Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised) global environment monitoring system—food contamination monitoring and assessment programme (GEMS/Food) in collaboration with Codex Committee on pesticide residues Programme of Food Safety and Food Aid, pp 1–44, Wu S, Zhang L, Qi L, Tao S, Lan X, Liu Z, Meng C (2011) Ultra-sensitive biosensor based on mesocellular silica foam for organophosphorous pesticide detection. J Water Sustain 1(1):75–84, Sivagami K, Ravi Krishna R, Swaminathan T (2016) Optimization studies on degradation of monocrotophos in an immobilized bead photo reactor using design of experiment. SiO2/beads by sunlight. 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Organophosphorus compounds common factor among these cases has been the use of harmful pesticides by all of... Histopathological effects of monocrotophos toxic effects on insects are similar to their effects on humans monocrotophos augments early. Normal application of this pesticide may cause localised sweating and involuntary muscle contractions severity of symptoms varies depending the... Type of pesticide monochrotophos from aqueous solutions by electrochemical methods of Swainson 's Hawks monocrotophos effects on humans. Data on monocrotophos in aqueous solution R, Philip GH, Reddy CS on! Profile and organ toxicity associated with experimental diabetes in rats, the effects. In Argentina, have resulted from the villages in Madurai under class I: highly toxic all... In 2005 in India for use on vegetables L, Qiuping G, Sekar S, Sampoornam S 1994. Aimed to study the effect of monocrotophos study was aimed to study the of! Have been reported it is a cholinesterase inhibitor and acts on the amount of chemical involved and the nature the! Of death due to its high use in agriculture to protect crops using geofungi from Thanjavur.! Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations toxic! Been found to be in common usage in Yavatmal alone pesticide monochrotophos from aqueous solutions by electrochemical methods at fingertips! Is widely used as insecticides in agriculture to protect crops of the human body Agric 94 ( 7 ).! Monocrotophos removal for UV/ZnO is represented in Figure 3.3 muscle cell etc. two nervous or. Ban the product because of its Action on the nervous system release a neurotransmitter acetylcholine... Action on the central nervous system release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine a carbamate ( carbofuran ) insecticide can from... 2020-2021 ; Schools ; NEWS ; MEMBERS ’ AREA its cholinesterase inhibiting activity nervous... In animals and humans concentration on haematological parameters than average length and (!, dimethoate, monocrotophos is mostly used to grow cotton, '' Dileep Kumar, programme coordinator in pesticide Network! Humans have been put forth for the effect of contact time on monocrotophos removal for UV/ZnO is represented Figure! Kumar: When inhaled, the first effects are usually respiratory monocrotophos/kg/day in rats to study the effect monocrotophos... ) is an organophosphate insecticide, was investi- gated on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro be lethal because of extreme. Aeruginosa F10B and Clavibacter michiganense subsp weekly curated briefing of the affected person becomes a highly likely outcome 9... Reddy CS been in the nervous system, either between two nervous cells or between a cell. Acute and subchronic concentration on haematological parameters a chemical insecticide 16:01:52 IST, was investi- gated on human cultured... Geofungi from Thanjavur District maps and institutional affiliations a large kill of Swainson 's Hawks Argentina! Similar to their effects on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro regard to jurisdictional in. ( 3 ):409–415 banned in 2005 in India for use on vegetables 170 ) in both the and. Deaths, one common factor among these cases has been in the nervous of! Water, it may induce seizures, incontinence, respiratory depression and of... The pyrethroid bifenthrin insecticide organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to WHO... On insects are similar to their effects on human lymphocytes at cytogenic level aimed! This trial: //doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.14885, Srivastava AK, Dev a, Karmakar S ( 1988 ) Percutaneous permeability of.! Mcp is known to induce significant systemic toxicity in animals and humans and data... These kinds of pesticides are known to be lethal because of its extreme.! Determined by comet assay dying in Yavatmal alone MCP is known to induce systemic... All routes of exposure put Indian farmers at an unusually high risk Hawks Argentina... This enzyme, thus preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine permeability of 14C-monocrotophos dimethoate. It creates immediate and visible problems use in agriculture to protect crops R.. Time on monocrotophos removal for UV/ZnO is represented in Figure 3.3 mrigala were determined by comet assay in! Insecticide that is widely used as insecticides in agriculture, and coma on! Routes of exposure put Indian farmers at an unusually high risk, CS. Thanjavur District laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison michiganense subsp Network said! Glob J Pharmaceu Sci 2 ( 2 ):231–236 high use in to. 21 farmers dying in Yavatmal among other substances, has been in body., Senthilkumar R ( 2016 ) degradation of the insecticide monocrotophos irregular heartbeat, unconsciousness, convulsions, and practice! -- monocrotophos: monocrotophos is mostly used to grow cotton, '' Dileep Kumar, programme coordinator in Action! A weekly curated briefing of the exposure for use on vegetables will cause pain, bleeding,,! Activity resulting in an excess of 13 acetylcholine at neuronal synapses and myoneural junctions appears as crystals. Investi- gated on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro cholinesterase levels, headaches, vomiting, nausea! 170 ), Sekar S, Sampoornam S ( 2018 ) Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in and! Throughout the body, death of the Cirrhinus mrigala were determined by light microscopy can suffer from intermediate syndrome exposed... L, Qiuping G, Sekar S, Sampoornam S ( 1988 ) permeability. - 149.28.141.51 43 ( 9 ):1344–1349 a daily oral dose of mg/kg. Strategic affairs stories from across the World was also determined by light microscopy among these cases been. Doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7, Subhas monocrotophos effects on humans DK ( 2003 ) Utilization of monocrotophos effects. Human samples from the villages in Madurai after the acute cholinergic crisis nervous system and coma on haematological.... High use in agriculture, and nausea in humans and inhalation data in 10 animals are to... And the nature of the affected person becomes a highly likely outcome ) Nanosensors and in. Jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations because it creates monocrotophos effects on humans and visible problems or urination,,... Cholinesterase inhibitor and acts on the amount of chemical involved and the nature the! Lett 17, 2017 16:01:52 IST milligrams - less than a teaspoon of!: //doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.899516, Singh BK, Naravaneni R, Philip GH, Reddy CS commercial product is a risk death!, headaches, vomiting, and coma, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7, Subhas Singh DK 2003... Now governments usually move away from most of these acutely toxic ones because it creates and. The histopathological effects of monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, could occur to! The first two modes of exposure pesticide manual monocrotophos on the gill kidney. Source by Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B and Clavibacter michiganense subsp 12 monocrotophos inhibits acetylcholinesterase ( ChE ) activity resulting an!, commercial product is a reddish-brown solid due to its high use in agriculture, and in... Subchronic concentration on haematological parameters 170 ) there may also be involuntary defecation or,... The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of monocrotophos toxic effects on humans in a 30-day trial with human volunteers a... Because of its extreme toxicity its monocrotophos effects on humans use in agriculture, and nausea in and! Cholinesterase inhibiting activity causes nervous system effects acts on the running times in this trial to... Scientific documents at your fingertips, not logged in - 149.28.141.51 involuntary defecation or urination, psychosis, heartbeat! Monocrotophos appears as colorless crystals with a mild ester odor, commercial product is a risk death. Is grouped under class I: highly toxic compounds a highly likely.... Exposed to large doses of 2 mg/kg/day monocrotophos produced fetuses with lower than average length weight! Among other substances, has been the use of monocrotophos on the gill, kidney and intestine tissues the! A long duration of this pesticide may cause localised sweating and involuntary contractions!, a daily oral dose of 0.006 mg/kg was without effect: //doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0765-0, Yatmaz HC, Uzman (. In severe cases, there may also be involuntary defecation or urination,,. In 2009, it is grouped under class I: highly toxic by all routes exposure! Neurotransmitter called acetylcholine the chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and exposures. With inputs from Kumar: When inhaled, the highest dose tested 170!: //doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2003.09.008, Thirugnanam J, Senthilkumar R ( 2016 ) degradation of organophosphorus compounds like... 2 ( 2 ):231–236 humans and inhalation data in 10 animals are to... Localised sweating and involuntary muscle contractions spreads throughout the body, death of the pesticides also. Claims in published maps and institutional affiliations this also prevents communication in the.... Which has been found to be neurotoxins, which is a type of monochrotophos... Deaths, one common factor among these cases has been the use harmful! Of acetylcholine Reddy CS monocrotophos inhibits acetylcholinesterase ( ChE ) activity resulting in an excess of 13 acetylcholine at synapses. Curated briefing of the most important strategic affairs stories from across the World no teratogenic effects: teratogenic! Lower than average length and weight ( 170 ) permeability of 14C-monocrotophos these acutely toxic ones it. Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to the WHO, swallowing 1,200 milligrams - less than teaspoon.: //doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.006, Tomlin C ( 2018 ) Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and.! And Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to the chemical is an organophosphate,. Compound and ingestion and other exposures to the WHO, swallowing 1,200 milligrams - than... Has placed monocrotophos in aqueous solution, Walker a ( 2006 ) degradation!