1 reference. The factory of the medication manufacturer, Pharval, was subsequently investigated by Dr. Joel Selanikio (also of CDC, and an Epidemic Intelligence Service classmate of Katherine O'Brien). Diethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethanes, and plasticizers. From CAMEO. [70] On 18 July, the 10th victim died in a Belo Horizonte hospital, a 65-year-old man who had been hospitalized since December 2019 due to the poisoning. 0 references. The toothpaste was labeled as “Manufactured in South Africa” and contained misspellings like "isclinically", "SOUTH AFRLCA" and "South African Dental Assoxiation". All the children had received acetaminophen syrup to treat upper respiratory infections related with malaria. Barewa Pharmaceuticals was shut down and the product was pulled off the shelves. O’Neil M. The Merck Index. • As a structural component of various liquid crystals. The regional drug controller authorities after investigation found out that a faulty batch of the Coldbest PC cough syrup contained 34.97% of diethylene glycol, which resulted in poisoning and subsequent renal failures. This being the second incident involving counterfeit glycerine, it prompted the Nigerian National Agency for Food And Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to adopt zero tolerance for counterfeits. Packaging 1, 2.5 L in glass bottle 9TB90IYC0E. stated in. When urine analyses for a series of metals, pesticides or their metabolites resulted negative, CDC scientists recalled the Nigeria and Haiti incidents. Suspecting something wrong with Lisinopril, the medicine was removed from the pharmacies[39] while the U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducted lab analyses, revealing the blood pressure drug was safe; CDC epidemiologists were then invited to participate. Soon, patients started to present anuria, acidic breathing, hepatomegaly, and unresponsiveness. [39] Immediately, biological samples and the syrup were sent by jet to CDC for analysis. A series of solvents used for oils, resins, gums and many polymers that is sold commercially under the name Carbitol. Besides Wang, five employees of Qiquihar were prosecuted. It was not until September 1996 that Sinochem provided a name of the manufacturer of the tainted syrup. The ether being relatively unreactive. Fill out the form below and we will be in touch shortly. DEG is a widely used solvent. Reuter. [29], When a patient admitted for a heart attack developed the mysterious illness at the hospital, Dr. Nestor Sosa, an infectious disease specialist, analyzed the medical record. The Dutch authorities assessed a $250,000 fine against Vos B.V., for not alerting anyone when they tested the syrup and found impurities.[38]. [37] As a result of the case-control findings, and subsequent investigation at the factory, public warnings were issued by the Ministry of Health and bottles of the two medications were taken from pharmacy shelves and destroyed. Draw with ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0. 121; Ethylne glycol butyl ether; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; Glycol butyl ether; Monobutyl glycol ether; 3-oxa-1-heptanol; EPA Pesticide Code: 011501 The fiscal attorney urged affected citizens to approach the Public Ministry to update the official legal file and for further medical analysis. They identified Tianhong Fine Chemicals Factory as the manufacturer. English. Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset, NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, InChI=1S/C8H18O3/c1-2-3-5-10-7-8-11-6-4-9/h9H,2-8H2,1H3, Mapping file of InChIStrings, InChIKeys and DTXSIDs for the EPA CompTox Dashboard, splash10-006t-9000000000-9b5ce4bf5bfa84239e88, splash10-03di-1900000000-8aef03e0bb456b96d1a4, splash10-03di-0900000000-3ac8a328666dee650638, splash10-0a4j-9000000000-44b0731c3639435643fb, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1018210&oldid=1314798026, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [44], The New York Times reported that Taixing was closed by the Chinese government and CNSC Fortune Way, which is also owned by the Chinese government, was never sanctioned. Investigations revealed that all had taken a medicine called “My Pikin Baby”, a teething mixture tainted with diethylene glycol. It is also used in printing inks when very slow drying is desired. Acute Renal Failure Investigation Team", "Fatal renal failure caused by diethylene glycol in paracetamol elixir: the Bangladesh epidemic", "Identification and Quantification of Diethylene Glycol in Pharmaceuticals Implicated in Poisoning Epidemics: An Historical Laboratory Perspective", "F.D.A. Date: 27 January 2011: Source: Own work: Author: MiPe: Licensing . [6] It is also a component in brake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fog and haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel. [55][56] Although there were no reports of anyone harmed, several people in the eastern US reported experiencing headaches and pain after using the product. Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Valid: TSCA Inv Ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- Valid: CAA 111 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Valid: 01/05/1981: CAA112(b) HAP Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Unknown: Pesticide Tolerance Exemptions Diethylene glycol mono butyl ether Unknown [16][17][18] This episode was the impetus for the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. Lead CDC investigator Dr. Katherine O'Brien conducted a case-control investigation, looking for potential clues to the epidemic. The CDC employed modern laboratory equipment to analyze the samples and confirm the results: the samples contained approximately 8% v/v DEG. [64][65][66], In December 2019, some people in the city of Belo Horizonte, initially all from the same neighbourhood, started having symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acute kidney failure, facial nerve paralysis, blurred vision, temporary blindness and sensory changes. At the time, the food and drug laws did not require toxicological analysis before releasing for sale. FDA Detains One Contaminated Shipment, Issues Import Alert", June 1, 2007. "FDA Advises Consumers to Avoid Toothpaste From China Containing Harmful Chemical. diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate of 200 or 2000 mg/kg body weight, male Sprague Dawley rats exhaled about 5% of the administered radioactive dose as 14CO 2. The agency also identified urinary DEG as a biomarker for DEG exposures. At the request of the United States, the State Food and Drug Administration of China investigated Taixing Glycerine Factory and CNSC Fortune Way, but the agency concluded it is not under their jurisdiction because the factory is not certified to make medicine. In fact, the company bought the product in China and had already re-exported toothpaste to Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Haiti, making Panama kick off a local warning. Ethylene glycol is by far the largest volume of the glycol products in a variety of applications. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Press Release. The difference between ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol is that an ethylene glycol molecule is an individual molecule whereas diethylene glycol molecule is formed by the combination of two ethylene glycol molecules via an ether bond. Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Uses: This product is used primarily in the manufacturing of lacquers based on nitrocellulose, cellulose ethers and chlorinated rubber. The prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment due to the high mortality rate DEG intoxication produces. Bogdanich, W. "Toxic Toothpaste Made in China Is Found in U.S. ". AICS Chemical ID. Wang Guiping discovered how easy it was to enter China’s pharmaceutical supply business and earn extra money. [40] The 46 barrels of syrup were bought by Social Security Laboratories through a Panamanian middleman, Grupo Comercial Medicom, who bought the product from Rasfer Internacional, a Spanish company. [68][69] On 9 June, the police indicted 11 people, including brewery owners and employees, for manslaughter, unintentional bodily harm and food contamination. [38], Ending June 1996, the FDA had discovered counterfeit glycerin traced back to Chemical Trading and Consulting (a German broker), which bought 72 barrels of the syrup from Vos B.V., a Dutch company. [19] This law, though extensively amended in subsequent years, remains the central foundation of FDA regulatory authority to the present day. [10], Diethylene glycol has moderate acute toxicity in animal experiments. Record Status: Validated (UNII) … Diethyl Glycol Monobutyl Ether. [11] The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body,[12] but the accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. After manufacturing a second batch of syrup containing diethylene glycol for Qiquhar Pharmaceutical, no taste-test was performed. [1][7], Based on available literature, scientists suggest unmetabolized DEG and HEAA are partially reabsorbed through glomerular filtration. [52], On June 1, 2007, the FDA warned consumers to avoid toothpaste from China, although there was no information if these toothpastes had already entered the US, and started testing any imported Chinese toothpaste. [3], "Diethylene glycol is derived as a co-product with ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol. [53][54] Days later, Colgate-Palmolive found counterfeit toothpaste with its name, which was contaminated with DEG and found at dollar-type discount stores in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Rat models suggest DEG is metabolized in the liver by enzyme NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) into a hydrogen ion, NADH and 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3). CARBITOL Solvent. [29] The United States Food and Drug Administration also issued an Industry Guidance Document “intended to alert pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacy compounders, repackers, and suppliers to the potential public health hazard of glycerin contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG)” and recommended appropriate testing procedures for the use of glycerin. [32][33][34], In the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, disease outbreaks are not recognized unless widespread or unusual. [20], In Cape Town, South Africa, seven children developed vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, and died of kidney failure after administration of over-the-counter sedatives. CAS Number 111-76-2 Synonym(s) EGBE, AI-0993; Bucs; Butoxyethanol; Beta-butoxyethanol; 2-Butoxyethanol; 2-butoxy-1-ethanol; Butyl cellosolve; o-butyl ethylene glycol; Butyl glycol; Butyl oxitol; Caswell No. Bogdanich, W.; McLean, R. "Poisoned Toothpaste in Panama Is Believed to Be From China". This event caused the death of five patients.[3][21][22]. Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate Market is a professional and a complete report focusing on primary and secondary drivers, market share, competitor analysis, leading segments and geographical analysis. Carbitol Mr. Wang was caught and Qiquihar was shut down by the authorities. The children later developed kidney failure and died. [62][63], The Nigerian government traced the diethylene glycol to an unlicensed chemical dealer in Lagos, who sold it to a local pharmaceutical manufacturer. [46], Panama’s case made CDC set standardized methodology for DEG identification, hoping to have more timely response in future events. UNII. [1][19][28], During the summer months, 47 children were admitted to the Jos University teaching hospital, Nigeria, with anuria, fever and vomiting. Eastman™ DE Acetate (Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate) is a colorless liquid, soluble in water and miscible in most organic solvents. [1][7], At first, scientists thought that DEG metabolized into ethylene glycol, which is poisonous due to the metabolic production of glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, and ultimately oxalic acid. Once physicians identified a suspect paracetamol syrup, samples were shipped to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S., which identified DEG. BlmSchV (Hazardous Incident Ordinance) What is Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether? As a consequence, the concentrations of the weak acid HEAA and metabolites may cause renal delay, leading to metabolic acidosis and further liver and kidney damage. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Press Release. It is a humectant for tobacco, cork, printing ink, and glue. Our team of experts are at the ready. The primary results revealed that the mixture was more effective than using salt alone. The study revealed a strong association between ingestion of two locally produced acetaminophen liquid products (Afebril and Valodon) and illness. Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether (DB Solvent) sold by Eastman is a high boiling glycol ether used in baking enamels to promote increased flow-out and leveling in paint films. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Glycols related to and coproduced with diethylene glycol and have the formula HOCH2CH2(OCH2CH2)nOH are: These compounds are all hydrophilic, more so than most diols, by virtue of the ether functionality. English: Structure of Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate. Fourteen patients received hemodialysis, but the treatment failed. They also arrested 12 people in connection with the incident. The outbreak forced the government to ban the sale of paracetamol elixirs in December 1992, causing a decline of 53% in the admission of patients with kidney failure and an 84% decline in admissions by unexplained kidney failure. Shortly after, 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3) is metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) into the weak acid 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA) with chemical formula C4H8O4. Dermal absorption is very low, unless it is administered on broken or damaged skin. "Counterfeit Colgate Toothpaste Found", June 14, 2007. In July 1996, the American Embassy in China contacted Sinochem and requested a list of Chinese glycerin makers, but the company refused to reveal the names. While the FDA tried to find out Tianhong’s address, Chinese officials were reluctant to become involved. It can be a contaminant in consumer products; this has resulted in numerous epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century. The ether being relatively unreactive. Jump to: navigation, search. ", "Letter from Bombay. [1] DEG is a widely used solvent. Austrian wine was banned in many countries and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms started to test all imported wine. Meanwhile, in Panama, De la Cruz, legal representative of Medicom, remains in jail pending a trial. Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether poisoning symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether poisoning (Chemical poisoning - Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research … [58], In July 2007, health authorities in the UK detected a counterfeit Sensodyne toothpaste on sale at a car boot sale in Derbyshire. 17 November 2016. Low vapor pressure. ", "Scandal over poisoned wine embitters village in Austria.". DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER is a ether-alcohol derivative. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to … DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER 9TB90IYC0E Overview Structure Names 10: Classification 1: Identifiers 9: Relationships 1: Active Moiety 1: Audit Info References 15: Moieties 1: Substance Class: Chemical Record UNII: 9TB90IYC0E. [43] The following month, the Toxicology Department of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science published a list of 1,155 names whose medicine bottles tested positive for DEG. Seventeen other persons have also been charged related to this incident. About half were receiving Lisinopril (a blood pressure medicine), and many did not remember clearly if they had been taking other drugs. Diethylene glycol, monobutyl ether Ethyl Digol Glycol Ether DM ETHANOL, 2-(2-ETHOXYETHOXY)-DEGME. diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (English) retrieved. [40] Two months later, findings revealed that 145 were proven to die by DEG intoxication, but the DA still has to investigate 953 demands. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. The LD50 for small mammals has been tested at between 2 and 25 g/kg, less toxic than its relative ethylene glycol, but still capable of causing toxicity in humans. [70] The investigation revealed that DEG had been used as a coolant for the brewery equipment, in what should have been a closed circuit, but an undetected leak in the system contaminated some batches of beer. Soon, patients from other parts of the country started to arrive at hospitals. Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether agent detailed information in Haz-Map database. [31], A propolis syrup manufactured by Huilen Laboratories in Buenos Aires, Argentina, contained between 24 and 66.5% DEG, and caused the death of 29 people. Diethylene glycol is one of several glycols derived from ethylene oxide. It can also serve as a dispersant in organosols and can also be used in preparation of plasticizers. [29], The Panamanian Government made a nationwide campaign, collecting around 6,000 bottles of cough syrup and three other products with the tainted glycerin manufactured by Social Security Laboratories. title. 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